NCBI Summary:
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein consists of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. This particular family member binds both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors and is involved in limb induction. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Antley-Bixler syndrome, osteoglophonic dysplasia, and autosomal dominant Kallmann syndrome 2. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with stem cell myeloproliferative disorder and stem cell leukemia lymphoma syndrome. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
General function
Receptor
Comment
Cellular localization
Plasma membrane
Comment
Ovarian function
Initiation of primordial follicle growth, Follicle atresia, Steroid metabolism
Comment
The combination of basic fibroblast growth factor and kit ligand promotes the proliferation, activity and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells during human ovarian cortical culture. [Ghezelayagh Z et al. (2020)$32871128] Different factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and kit ligand (KL), are used in ovarian cortical culture to promote activation of primordial follicles. In the present study, the effects of bFGF and KL, alone and in combination, were evaluated on human follicular activation and growth during in-situ cortical culture. Slow frozen-thawed human ovarian cortical tissues (n = 6) were cultured in 4 different groups: 1) control (base medium), 2) KL (base medium; BM + 100 ng/ml KL), 3) bFGF (BM + 100 ng/ml bFGF) and 4) bFGF + KL (BM + 100 ng/ml KL + 100 ng/ml bFGF) for a week. The proportion of morphologically normal and degenerated follicles at different developmental stages, secreted hormonal levels and specific gene expressions were compared. Although the proportion of growing follicles was higher than primordial counterpart in all cultured groups, no significant differences were observed among the cultured groups. In all cultured groups, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), progesterone and estradiol hormones levels increased after 7 days of culture, however, this increase was only significant for estradiol in the bFGF + KL group. The expression of Ki67 gene indicated an increase in ovarian cell proliferation in the three experimental groups compared to the control group, however this increment was only significant for the bFGF + KL group. It can be concluded that KL and bFGF factors individually have no beneficial effects on in-situ follicular growth, but their combination positively influences steroidogenesis of granulosa cells without significantly increasing the number of growing follicles.//////////////////
Baird A, et al 1986 reported that treatment
of rat ovarian granulosa cells with FGF inhibits the capacity of follicle stimulating hormone to
stimulate estrogen production and to induce luteinizing hormone receptors. In contrast, although
incubations with FGF can inhibit the estrogen-sensitive component of progesterone synthesis, the
presence of FGF with suboptimal concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone significantly
enhances the synthesis of progesterone.
Expression regulated by
Comment
P65 Targets FGFR1 to Regulate the Survival of Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Yuan X et al. (2019) In female mammals, the abnormal apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) impairs follicular development and causes reproductive dysfunction. Many studies have indicated that the FGFR1 gene of the PI3K signaling pathway and the p65 subunit of the transcription factor NF-κB may regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of GCs involved in follicular development. However, little is known about whether p65 regulates the transcription of FGFR1, as well as the biological effects of p65 and FGFR1 on the survival of GCs and follicular development. In porcine follicles and GCs, we found that p65 and FGFR1 were exclusively expressed in the GCs of follicles, and the mRNA and protein levels of p65 and FGFR1 significantly increased from small to large follicles. Both p65 and FGFR1 were found to activate the PI3K signaling pathway, and the expressions of proliferation markers (PCNA and MKI67) and the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 were significantly increased by p65 and FGFR1. Furthermore, both p65 and FGFR1 were observed to promote cell proliferation and inhibit the cell apoptosis of GCs, and p65 was confirmed to bind at the -348/-338 region of FGFR1 to positively regulate its transcription. Moreover, p65 was further found to enhance the pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects of FGFR1. Taken together, p65 may target the -348/-338 region of FGFR1, promote the transcription of FGFR1, and enhance the pro-proliferation effect and anti-apoptotic effect of FGFR1 to facilitate the growth of follicles. This study will provide useful information for further investigations on the p65-mediated-FGFR1 signaling pathway during folliculogenesis in mammals.//////////////////
Ovarian localization
Luteal cells
Comment
Doraiswamy V et al reported that Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1 and -2 in the ovine corpus luteum
throughout the estrous cycle.
They
demonstrate that FGF receptors are present in the parenchyma as well as the vasculature of the CL
which suggests that FGF is involved in the regulation of luteal parenchymal and vascular function.
Follicle stages
Corpus luteum
Comment
Phenotypes
Mutations
1 mutations
Species: human
Mutation name: None
type: naturally occurring fertility: fertile Comment:Passos-Bueno et al. (1999) provided an up-to-date listing of the mutations in FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 that are
associated with distinct clinical entities, including achondroplasia , hypochondroplasia , platyspondylic
lethal skeletal dysplasia , thanatophoric dysplasia , Antley-Bixler syndrome
, Apert syndrome , etc.