Adenylyl cyclase is the prototypical second messenger generator. There are at least nine eight cloned membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases together with the testis soluble adenyl cyclase. The membrane bound enzymes are regulated by diverse G proteins and are regulated by one or other arm of the
phospholipase C pathway. In addition to ligand-mediated signaling via G proteins, functional and ultrastructural investigations have
shown that adenylyl cyclases are also intimately associated with sites of calcium ion
entry into the cell.
NCBI Summary:
This gene encodes a form of adenylate cyclase expressed in brain. A similar protein in mouse is involved in pattern formation of the brain.
Genes whose expression is detected by cDNA array hybridization: GDP/GTP exchangers, GTPase stimulators and inhibitors, apoptosis Rozenn Dalbis-Tran and Pascal Mermilloda
Expression regulated by
Comment
Ovarian localization
Granulosa
Comment
Asboth G, et al 2001 reported the characterization of adenylyl cyclases in cultured human
granulosa cells.
Many functions of granulosa-lutein cells are controlled by activation of C protein-coupled receptors and the formation of cyclic AMP
(cAMP) by adenylyl cyclase. There are at least nine mammalian adenylyl cyclase isoenzymes, which show different sensitivities towards other signalling
systems. Granulosa cells were obtained from women undergoing IVF. The cells were maintained in
primary culture and they consistently expressed mRNA coding for adenylyl cyclase I, III, VI, VII and IX.
These results indicate that subtypes adenylyl cyclase I, III and VIII, which are activated by calcium, and adenylyl
cyclase V and VI, which are inhibited by calcium, are not dominant isoforms in
granulosa-lutein cells. The protein kinase A inhibitor H89 had no effects on
formation of cAMP; this finding rules out the involvement of adenylyl cyclase
V and VI subtypes, which are subjected to negative feedback by protein kinase
A. These results indicate that adenylyl cyclase VII is the dominant functional
isoenzyme in human granulosa-lutein cells.