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H1 HISTONE FAMILY, MEMBER 4; H1F4 OKDB#: 1296
 Symbols: H1 HISTONE FAMILY, MEMBER 4; H1F4 Species: human
 Synonyms: HISTONE I FAMILY, 4, H1.4|  Locus: 6p21.3 in Homo sapiens


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General Comment In the mouse embryo, transcriptional activation begins during S/G2 phase of the first cell cycle when paternal and maternal chromatin are still in separate nuclear entities within the same cytoplasm. At this time, the male pronucleus exhibits greater transcriptional activity than the female pronucleus. Acetylation of histones in the nucleosome octamer exerts a regulatory influence on gene expression. Histones are the basic nuclear proteins responsible for the nucleosome structure within the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes anf histon H1.4 is a member of the histon H1 family.

NCBI Summary: Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H1 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6.
General function DNA binding
Comment
Cellular localization Nuclear
Comment
Ovarian function Oogenesis
Comment
Expression regulated by
Comment
Ovarian localization Oocyte
Comment Adenot PG, et al 1997 reported the differential H4 acetylation of paternal and maternal chromatin precedes DNA replication and differential transcriptional activity in pronuclei of 1-cell mouse embryos. Immediately following fertilization, hyperacetylated H4 was associated with paternal but not maternal chromatin while, in parthenogenetically activated oocytes, maternal chromatin became hyperacetylated. These results suggest that sperm chromatin initially out-competes maternal chromatin for the pool of hyperacetylated H4 in the oocyte, that hyperacetylated H4 participates in the process of histone-protamine exchange in the zygote, and that differences in H4 acetylation in male and female pronuclei during G1 are translated across DNA replication to transcriptional differences in S/G2. Prior to fertilization, neither paternal nor maternal chromatin show memory of H4 hyperacetylation patterns but, by the end of the first cell cycle, before major zygotic genome activation at the 2-cell stage, chromosomes already show hyperacetylated H4 banding patterns.
Follicle stages Preovulatory
Comment
Phenotypes
Mutations 0 mutations
Genomic Region show genomic region
Phenotypes and GWAS show phenotypes and GWAS
Links
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created: Sept. 14, 2001, 9:52 a.m. by: hsueh   email:
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last update: Sept. 14, 2001, 9:52 a.m. by: system    email:



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