| TROPHININ; TRO | OKDB#: 1337 |
| Symbols: | TROPHININ; TRO | Species: | human | ||
| Synonyms: | Locus: | Xp11.22-p11.21 in Homo sapiens |
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| General Comment |
Trophinin is a membrane protein mediating apical cell adhesion between trophoblastic cells and
luminal epithelial cells of the endometrium, and is implicated in the initial attachment process of
human embryo implantation.
The deduced 749-amino acid trophinin protein contains 69 tandem repeats of decapeptide sequences. In vitro translated
trophinin has a molecular mass of 61 kD. Sequence and structural analyses revealed that trophinin is an intrinsic plasma
membrane protein with 8 predicted transmembrane domains, an intracellular N-terminal region, and 3 hydrophilic
regions exposed on the cell surface.
NCBI Summary: This gene encodes a membrane protein that mediates apical cell adhesion between trophoblastic cells and luminal epithelial cells of the endometrium and is implicated in the initial attachment during the process of embryo implantation. This gene is related to the MAGED gene family by sequence similarity and chromosome location. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene; however, the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. |
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| General function | Cell adhesion molecule, Cell proliferation | ||||
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| Ovarian localization | |||||
| Comment | Saburi S, et al 2001 reported that the trophinin gene encodes a novel group of MAGE proteins, Magphinins, and regulates cell proliferation during gametogenesis in the mouse. This study identified novel trophinin gene transcripts, which encode proteins structurally distinct from trophinin protein in the mouse. The authors designated these proteins "magphinins", as they share consensus amino acid sequences with MAGE (melanoma associated antigen) superfamily proteins. Among many MAGE proteins, magphinins are closely related to NRAGE, which mediates p75 neurotrophin receptor-dependent apoptosis, and necdin, which is a strong suppressor of cell proliferation in post mitotic neurons. There are three major forms of magphinins, i.e., magphinin-{a}, -{b}, and -{g}, in the mouse, which are formed due to alternative usage of different exons. Northern blot analysis revealed that magphinins are expressed in brain, ovary, testis and epididymis. In addition, Western blot analysis and in vitro translation experiments showed that magphinins expressed in the mouse ovary and testis are translation products utilizing the second initiation AUG codon and contain an active nuclear localization signal. Ectopic expression of magphinins in mammalian cells resulted in nuclear localization of magphinin and suppressed cell proliferation. Immunohistochemistry of the mouse ovary and testis showed that magphinin proteins are distributed in the cytoplasm of the male and female germ cells, while these proteins are translocated to the nucleus at a specific stage of gametogenesis. These results strongly suggest that magphinins regulate cell proliferation during gametogenesis in the mouse. | ||||
| Follicle stages | |||||
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| Phenotypes | |||||
| Mutations | 0 mutations | ||||
| Genomic Region | show genomic region | ||||
| Phenotypes and GWAS | show phenotypes and GWAS | ||||
| Links |
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| created: | Oct. 12, 2001, 12:17 p.m. | by: |
hsueh email:
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| last update: | Oct. 12, 2001, 12:17 p.m. | by: | system email: |
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