Beta-arrestins were originally discovered in the context of heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor desensitization, but they
also function in internalization and signaling of these receptors.
NCBI Summary:
Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors.
General function
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Cellular localization
Plasma membrane
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Ovarian function
Follicle development
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Expression regulated by
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Ovarian localization
Luteal cells
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Hunzicker-Dunn M, et al 2002 reported that ARF6 is a newly appreciated player in G protein-coupled receptor
Desensitization.
The luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin hormone receptor (LH/CG R) signals
to regulate ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and fetal survival during
pregnancy. Agonist binding to the LH/CG R is poorly reversible, emphasizing
the importance of a cellular mechanism to temper signaling by a potentially
persistently active receptor. Like other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs),
signaling by this receptor is modulated by its binding of an arrestin. The authors have
identified ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) as a protein whose activation
state is regulated by the LH/CG R and which functions to regulate the
availability of plasma membrane-docked arrestin 2 to this receptor.