NCBI Summary:
This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is synthesized under androgen regulation and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. An alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding a longer isoform has been found for this gene. This isoform contains a transmembrane domain and is localized in the plasma membrane-endosomal-lysosomal pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]
General function
Enzyme
Comment
Cellular localization
Secreted
Comment
Ovarian function
Follicle development, Ovulation
Comment
Progressive changes in human follicular fluid composition over the course of ovulation: Quantitative proteomic analyses. la Cour Poulsen L et al. (2019) Follicular fluid (FF) acts as a vehicle for paracrine signalling between somatic cells of the follicle and the oocyte. To investigate changes in the protein composition of FF during ovulation, we conducted a prospective cohort study including 25 women undergoing fertility treatment. Follicular fluid was aspirated either before or 12, 17, 32 or 36 h after induction of ovulation (five patients per time point). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify FF proteins. In total, 400 proteins were identified and the levels of 40 proteins changed significantly across ovulation evaluated by analysis of covariance (adjusted p < 0.05) and on-off expression patterns. The majority peaked after 12-17 h, e.g., AREG (p < 0.0001), TNFAIP6 (p < 0.0001), and LDHB (p = 0.0316), while some increased to peak after 36 h e.g., ACPP (p < 0.0001), TIMP1 (p < 0.0001) and SERPINE1 (p = 0.0002). Collectively, this study highlights proteins and pathways of importance for ovulation and oocyte competence in humans.//////////////////
Expression regulated by
FSH
Comment
Ovarian localization
Granulosa, Follicular Fluid
Comment
Sasson R, et al 2003 reported novel genes modulated by FSH in normal and immortalized FSH-responsive
cells and new insights into the mechanism of FSH action.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) controls the development of follicle-enclosed oocytes in the
mammalian ovary by interacting with specific receptors located exclusively on granulosa cells. Its
biological activity involves stimulation of intercellular communication, intracellular signaling, and
up-regulation of steroidogenesis; the entire spectrum of genes regulated by FSH is not yet fully
characterized. The authors have established monoclonal rat FSH-responsive granulosa cell lines that
express FSH receptors at 20-fold higher rates than with primary cells, and thus increased the
probability of yielding a distinct spectrum of genes modulated by FSH. Using Affymetrix DNA
microarrays, they discovered 11 genes not reported earlier to be up-regulated by FSH and 9 genes
not reported earlier to be down-regulated by FSH. Modulation of signal transduction associated
with G-protein signaling, phosphorylation of proteins, and intracellular-extracellular ion balance
was suggested by up-regulation of decay accelerating factor GPI-form precursor (DAF), membrane
interacting protein RGS16, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase), oxidative stress-inducible protein tyrosine phosphatase (OSIPTPase), and down-regulation of rat prostatic acid phosphatase
(rPAP), Na+, K+-ATPase, and protein phosphatase 1beta. Elevation in granzyme-like proteins 1
and 3, and natural killer (NK) cell protease 1 (NKP-1) along with reduction in carboxypeptidase E
indicates possible FSH-mediated preparation of the cells for apoptosis.