Species: human
Mutation name:
type: naturally occurring
fertility: subfertile
Comment: Polymorphism of MDM2 promoter 309 (rs 2279744) and the risk of PCOS. Chan Y et al. (2015) This study aimed at evaluating possible association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism (rs 2279744) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). One hundred and twenty-five women with PCOS and two hundred and fifty women without PCOS were collected from the department of reproductive medicine of college hospital in this case-control study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants and DNA was extracted, MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism (rs 2279744) was determined from the 125 cases and 250 controls. Women were grouped into PCOS (n = 125) group and control group (n = 250). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism (rs 2279744) and PCOS. The distribution of T allele was significant higher in PCOS cases than controls. MDM2 SNP 309 T allele is associated with PCOS.//////////////////

Species: mouse
Mutation name:
type: null mutation
fertility: infertile - ovarian defect
Comment: Loss of oocytes due to conditional ablation of Murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) gene is p53-dependent and results in female sterility. Livera G et al. (2016) Murine double minute 2 and 4 (Mdm2, Mdm4) are major p53-negative regulators, preventing thus uncontrolled apoptosis induction in numerous cell types, though their function in the female germ line has received little attention. In the present work, we have generated mice with specific invalidation of Mdm2 and Mdm4 genes in the mouse oocyte (Mdm2 (Ocko) and Mdm4 (Ocko) mice), to test their implication in survival of these germ cells. Most of the Mdm2 (Ocko) but not Mdm4 (Ocko) mice were sterile, with a dramatic reduction of the weight of ovaries and genital tract, a strong increase in FSH and LH serum levels, and a reduction of AMH serum levels. Histological analyses revealed an obvious decrease of the number of growing follicles beyond the primary stage in Mdm2(Ocko) ovaries in comparison to controls, with a pronounced increase in the apparition of primary atretic follicles, most being devoid of oocyte. Similar phenotypes were observed with Mdm2(Ocko) Mdm4(Ocko) ovaries, with no worsening of the phenotype. Whereas we failed to detect any increase of p53 level in mutant oocytes, nor any other apoptotic marker, introgression of this targeted invalidation in p53-/- mice restored the fertility of females. The present study is the first to show that Mdm2 but not Mdm4 has a critical role in oocyte survival and would be involved in premature ovarian insufficiency phenotype. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.//////////////////

Species: mouse
Mutation name:
type: null mutation
fertility: subfertile
Comment: Mouse Double Minute 2 Homolog Actively Suppresses p53 Activity in Oocytes during Mouse Folliculogenesis. Zhang CX et al. (2016) The p53 signaling network is indispensible in cellular stress responses and tumor suppression. Negative regulations of p53 by mouse double minute 2 and 4 homologs (MDM2) and (MDM4) are an integrated component of the network and have been implicated in regulating the stress responses and the maintenance of normal development and homeostasis of multiple somatic cell lineages. However, the regulatory role of MDM2 on p53 and stress responses in female germ cells remains undetermined. Here, we used the Cre-loxP system to delete Mdm2 in oocytes at different stages of folliculogenesis in mice. Mdm2 deletion resulted in a clear p53 nuclear accumulation in the oocytes and impeded fertilities with early follicular loss in mice, resembling human premature ovarian failure phenotypes. These phenotypes were fully rescued by concurrent deletion of p53 in mice. In addition, Nutlin-3, a small molecule compound that inhibited the binding of MDM2 to p53, also promoted p53-dependent oocyte death. Although cancer therapeutic agents fluorouracil and doxorubicin could not induce a robust p53 activation in the wild-type oocytes, they induced p53 nuclear accumulation in the Mdm2 and Mdm4 double heterozygous oocytes. These results demonstrated a critical prosurvival role for MDM2 in the oocytes. Moreover, they suggested a more tightened and rigorous regulatory mode for the MDM2/MDM4-p53 network in female germ cells under stress situations.//////////////////

Species: human
Mutation name:
type: null mutation
fertility: infertile - ovarian defect
Comment: Mdm2-p53-SF1 pathway in ovarian granulosa cells directs ovulation and fertilization by conditioning oocyte quality. Haraguchi H et al. (2018) Functions of tumor suppressor p53 and its negative regulator mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2) in ovarian granulosa cells remain to be elucidated, and the current study aims at clarifying this issue. Mice with Mdm2 deficiency in ovarian granulosa cells [ Mdm2-loxP/ progesterone receptor ( Pgr)-Cre mice] were infertile as a result of impairment of oocyte maturation, ovulation, and fertilization, and those with Mdm2/p53 double deletion in granulosa cells ( Mdm2-loxP/ p53-loxP/ Pgr-Cre mice) showed normal fertility, suggesting that p53 induction in the ovarian granulosa cells is detrimental to ovarian function by disturbing oocyte quality. Another model of Mdm2 deletion in ovarian granulosa cells ( Mdm2-loxP/ anti-Mullerian hormone type 2 receptor-Cre mice) also showed subfertility as a result of the failure of ovulation and fertilization, indicating critical roles of ovarian Mdm2 in ovulation and fertilization. Mdm2-p53 pathway in cumulus granulosa cells transcriptionally controlled an orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), a key regulator of ovarian function. Importantly, MDM2 and SF1 levels in human cumulus granulosa cells were positively associated with the outcome of oocyte maturation and fertilization in patients undergoing infertility treatment. These findings suggest that the Mdm2-p53-SF1 axis in ovarian cumulus granulosa cells directs ovarian function by affecting their neighboring oocyte quality.-Haraguchi, H., Hirota, Y., Saito-Fujita, T., Tanaka, T., Shimizu-Hirota, R., Harada, M., Akaeda, S., Hiraoka, T., Matsuo, M., Matsumoto, L., Hirata, T., Koga, K., Wada-Hiraike, O., Fujii, T., Osuga, Y. Mdm2-p53-SF1 pathway in ovarian granulosa cells directs ovulation and fertilization by conditioning oocyte quality.//////////////////