| beta-2-microglobulin | OKDB#: 2495 |
| Symbols: | B2M | Species: | human | ||
| Synonyms: | IMD43 | Locus: | 15q21.1 in Homo sapiens |
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| General Comment |
The protein is a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 11,600. Its complete amino acid sequence was reported by Cunningham et al. (1973). Although the function of beta-2-microglobulin is not known, the close homology in sequence to immunoglobulins suggests a common evolutionary origin. Beta-2-microglobulin also has structural relationships to HLA (being the low molecular weight component of the HLA antigens).
NCBI Summary: This gene encodes a serum protein found in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells. The protein has a predominantly beta-pleated sheet structure that can form amyloid fibrils in some pathological conditions. The encoded antimicrobial protein displays antibacterial activity in amniotic fluid. A mutation in this gene has been shown to result in hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
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| General function | |||||
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| Cellular localization | Secreted | ||||
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| Ovarian function | |||||
| Comment | Selection of suitable reference genes for core clock gene expression analysis by real-time qPCR in rat ovary granulosa cells. Cai C et al. (2019) Selection of a suitable endogenous reference gene is essential for investigating expression of clock genes Bmal1, Clock, Pers, Crys, Rev-erbα/β, and RORα/β/γ involved in the circadian system. In this study, we treated rat ovary granulosa cells with dexamethasone to synchronize circadian oscillation in vitro and determined expression levels of Bmal1 and Per2 and six candidate reference genes (Actb, Beta actin; B2m, Beta-2-microglobulin; Ppia, Cyclophilin A; Gapdh, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Hprt, Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase and Tbp, TATA-box-binding protein) using quantitative real-time PCR. We then employed three software programs, GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, to analyze the expression data for the selection of the best reference gene. According to GeNorm, Tbp and B2m were assessed as the most stable reference genes; Tbp and Hprt were best by NormFinder and BestKeeper, respectively. Thus, we recommend Tbp as the most suitable reference gene for studying clock genes expression in rat ovary granulosa cells in vitro.////////////////// | ||||
| Expression regulated by | |||||
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| Ovarian localization | |||||
| Comment | This is a house-keeping gene found in a DNA microarray. | ||||
| Follicle stages | |||||
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| Phenotypes | |||||
| Mutations | 0 mutations | ||||
| Genomic Region | show genomic region | ||||
| Phenotypes and GWAS | show phenotypes and GWAS | ||||
| Links |
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| created: | June 18, 2004, 10:52 a.m. | by: |
hsueh email:
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| last update: | April 30, 2019, 12:37 p.m. | by: | hsueh email: |
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