NCBI Summary:
This gene encodes a member of the forkhead box (FOX) family of transcription factors. FOX family members are monomeric, helix-turn-helix proteins with a core DNA-binding domain of approximately 110 aa. Many FOX transcription factors play roles in determining cell fates during early development. This forkhead box protein lacks the C-terminal basic region found in many other FOX family members. It is located within the 11q23.3 region which is commonly deleted in neuroblastomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
General function
Nucleic acid binding, DNA binding, Transcription factor
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Cellular localization
Nuclear
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Ovarian function
Early embryo development
Comment
foxr1 is a novel maternal-effect gene in fish that is required for early embryonic success. Cheung CT et al. (2018) The family of forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors regulates gonadogenesis and embryogenesis, but the role of foxr1 in reproduction is unknown. Evolutionary history of foxr1 in vertebrates was examined and the gene was found to exist in most vertebrates, including mammals, ray-finned fish, amphibians, and sauropsids. By quantitative PCR and RNA-seq, we found that foxr1 had an ovarian-specific expression in zebrafish, a common feature of maternal-effect genes. In addition, it was demonstrated using in situ hybridization that foxr1 was a maternally-inherited transcript that was highly expressed even in early-stage oocytes and accumulated in the developing eggs during oogenesis. We also analyzed the function of foxr1 in female reproduction using a zebrafish CRISPR/cas9 knockout model. It was observed that embryos from the foxr1-deficient females had a significantly lower survival rate whereby they either failed to undergo cell division or underwent abnormal division that culminated in growth arrest at around the mid-blastula transition and early death. These mutant-derived eggs contained dramatically increased levels of p21, a cell cycle inhibitor, and reduced rictor, a component of mTOR and regulator of cell survival, which were in line with the observed growth arrest phenotype. Our study shows for the first time that foxr1 is an essential maternal-effect gene and may be required for proper cell division and survival via the p21 and mTOR pathways. These novel findings will broaden our knowledge on the functions of specific maternal factors stored in the developing egg and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to reproductive success.//////////////////
Expression regulated by
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Ovarian localization
Oocyte
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The human cumulus-oocyte complex gene-expression profile. Assou S et al. BACKGROUND: The understanding of the mechanisms regulating human oocyte maturation is still rudimentary. We have identified transcripts differentially expressed between immature and mature oocytes and cumulus cells.