| Phospholipid Transfer Protein | OKDB#: 3444 |
| Symbols: | PLTP | Species: | human | ||
| Synonyms: | LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN II | Locus: | 20q12-q13.1 in Homo sapiens |
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| General Comment | |||||
| General function | |||||
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| Ovarian function | Luteinization, Luteolysis | ||||
| Comment | The Reverse Cholesterol Transport System as a Potential Mediator of Luteolysis in the Primate Corpus Luteum. Bogan R et al. The cessation of progesterone (P4) production (i.e., functional regression), arguably the key event in luteolysis of the primate corpus luteum (CL), is poorly understood. Previously, we found that genes encoding proteins involved in cholesterol uptake decreased while those involved in cholesterol efflux (reverse cholesterol transport; RCT) increased in expression during spontaneous functional regression of the rhesus macaque CL, thereby potentially depleting the cholesterol reserves needed for steroidogenesis. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the components necessary for RCT was performed. RCT components were expressed (mRNA and/or protein) in the macaque CL including cholesterol sensors (liver x receptors alpha or NR1H3; and beta or NR1H2), efflux proteins (ATP-binding cassette subfamilies A1 or ABCA1; and G1 or ABCG1), acceptors (apolipoproteins A1 or APOA1; and E or APOE), and plasma proteins facilitating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) formation (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase or LCAT; phospholipid transfer protein or PLTP). ABCA1, APOE, PLTP and NR1H3 increased, while lipoprotein receptors decreased, in expression (mRNA and/or protein) through the period of functional regression. The expression of APOA1 and APOE, as well as NR1H3, was greatest in the CL and tissues involved in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Immunolocalization studies revealed that RCT proteins and lipoprotein receptors were expressed in large luteal cells, which possess intracellular cholesterol reserves during periods of progesterone synthesis. Lipid staining revealed changes in luteal cholesterol ester/lipid distribution that occurred following functional regression. These results indicate that decreased cholesterol uptake and increased RCT may be critical for the initiation of primate luteolysis by limiting intracellular cholesterol pools required for steroidogenesis. | ||||
| Expression regulated by | LH | ||||
| Comment | Gene expression increased. Luteinization of porcine preovulatory follicles leads to systematic changes in follicular gene expression. Agca C et al. The LH surge initiates the luteinization of preovulatory follicles and causes hormonal and structural changes that ultimately lead to ovulation and the formation of corpora lutea. The objective of the study was to examine gene expression in ovarian follicles (n = 11) collected from pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) approaching estrus (estrogenic preovulatory follicle; n = 6 follicles from two sows) and in ovarian follicles collected from pigs on the second day of estrus (preovulatory follicles that were luteinized but had not ovulated; n = 5 follicles from two sows). The follicular status within each follicle was confirmed by follicular fluid analyses of estradiol and progesterone ratios. Microarrays were made from expressed sequence tags that were isolated from cDNA libraries of porcine ovary. Gene expression was measured by hybridization of fluorescently labeled cDNA (preovulatory estrogenic or -luteinized) to the microarray. Microarray analyses detected 107 and 43 genes whose expression was decreased or increased (respectively) during the transition from preovulatory estrogenic to -luteinized (P<0.01). Cells within preovulatory estrogenic follicles had a gene-expression profile of proliferative and metabolically active cells that were responding to oxidative stress. Cells within preovulatory luteinized follicles had a gene-expression profile of nonproliferative and migratory cells with angiogenic properties. Approximately, 40% of the discovered genes had unknown function. | ||||
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| Mutations | 0 mutations | ||||
| Genomic Region | show genomic region | ||||
| Phenotypes and GWAS | show phenotypes and GWAS | ||||
| Links |
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| created: | July 20, 2006, 3:32 p.m. | by: |
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| last update: | Sept. 30, 2009, 10:47 a.m. | by: | hsueh email: |
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