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General Comment |
NCBI Summary:
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product is the human ortholog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YVH1 protein tyrosine phosphatase. It is localized predominantly in the nucleus, and is novel in that it contains, and is regulated by a zinc finger domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
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Comment |
Differential expression of inflammation-related genes in the ovarian stroma and granulosa cells of PCOS women. Johanna Schmidt JS 2013 et al.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder. Ovarian changes in PCOS women are well characterised by ultrasound. However, the ovarian pathophysiology is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to characterise the expression, in both the central ovarian stroma and in granulosa cells (GC), of a number of genes, including several inflammation-related genes, which have been hypothesised to be involved in the pathophysiology of PCOS.Biopsies of the central ovarian stroma were obtained from PCOS women (Rotterdam criteria) and from normally ovulating women in follicular phase. Granulosa cells were retrieved from PCOS-women ornon-PCOS women, undergoing in vitro maturation (IVM). The expressions of 57 genes were analysed by quantitative-PCR using a Low-Density-Gene-Array. The main outcome measures were over-expression or under-expression of the specific genes.The results showed that in the central stroma of PCOS ovaries, five inflammation-related genes (CCL2, IL1R1, IL8, NOS2, TIMP1), the leukocyte marker CD45, the inflammation-related transcription factor RUNX2 and the growth factor AREG were under-expressed. The growth factor DUSP12 and the coagulation factor TFPI2 were over-expressed. In the GC of PCOS, all of the differentially expressed genes were over-expressed; the inflammation-related IL1B, IL8, LIF, NOS2 and PTGS2, the coagulation-related F3 and THBS1, the growth factors BMP6 and DUSP12, the permeability-related AQ3 and the growth-arrest-related GADD45A.In conclusion the results indicate major alterations in the local ovarian immune system of PCOS ovaries. This may have implications for the PCOS-related defects in the inflammation-like ovulatory process and for the susceptibility to acquire the inflammatory state of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
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