FAM110C localized to centrosomes and accumulated at the spindle poles during mitosis. In addition, FAM110C localized to microtubules and induced morphologic changes in transfected cells, probably due to disorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton.
General function
Cell proliferation
Comment
Cellular localization
Nuclear
Comment
Ovarian function
Comment
Expression regulated by
LH, Steroids
Comment
Ovarian localization
Granulosa, Theca
Comment
Ovarian FAM110C (Family with Sequence Similarity 110C): Induction During the Periovulatory Period and Regulation of Granulosa Cell Cycle Kinetics in Rats. Li F et al. FAM110C belongs to a family of proteins that regulates cell proliferation. In the present study, the spatiotemporal expression pattern of FAM110C and its potential role were examined during the periovulatory period. Immature female rats were injected with eCG followed by hCG and ovaries or granulosa cells were collected at various times after hCG administration (n = 3/time point). Expression of Fam110c mRNA and protein was highly induced both in intact ovaries and granulosa cells at 8 to 12 h after hCG treatment. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated Fam110c mRNA expression was induced in theca and granulosa cells at 4 h after hCG, primarily localized to granulosa cells at 8 h and 12h, and decreased at 24 h after hCG. There was negligible Fam110c mRNA detected in newly forming corpora lutea. In rat granulosa cell cultures, hCG induced expression of Fam110c mRNA was inhibited by RU486 whereas NS398 and AG1478 had no effect, suggesting that Fam110c expression is regulated, in part, by the progesterone receptor pathway. Promoter activity analysis revealed that a Sp1 site was important for the induction of Fam110c expression by hCG. Overexpression of FAM110C promoted granulosa cells to arrest at the G1 phase of the cell cycle but did not change progesterone levels. In summary, hCG induces Fam110c mRNA expression in granulosa cells by activation of a Sp1 binding site and the actions of progesterone. Our findings suggest that FAM110C may control granulosa cell differentiation into luteal cells by arresting cell cycle progression.