Adropin – a circulating factor in metabolic control or a drop in the ocean? 2016
////The Energy Homeostasis Associated (ENHO) transcript encoding adropin was identified using microarrays investigating fatty liver and insulin resistance in genetically induced obese C57BL/6J (B6) mice [8 Kumar KG, Trevaskis JL, Lam DD, et al. Identification of adropin as a secreted factor linking dietary macronutrient intake with energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Cell Metab. 2008;8(6):468–481.
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]. Liver Enho expression was suppressed in mutant and diet-induce obese (DIO) mice, with suppression being secondary to obesity. In silico analysis indicated a highly conserved open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 76-residue protein. A putative signal sequence targeting the secretory pathway resided in residues 1–33; secretion was initially confirmed in cultured cells expressing adropin fused to a c-terminal FLAG epitope tag
General function
Ligand
Comment
Cellular localization
Secreted
Comment
Adropin levels in women with polycystic ovaries undergoing ovarian stimulation: correlation with lipoprotein lipid profiles. Bousmpoula A et al. (2017) This study aimed to investigate serum and follicular fluid (FF) adropin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and correlate them with the lipid and lipoprotein levels. We included 60 women (30 lean and 30 overweight) with diagnosed PCOS, and 60 age and weight-matched non-PCOS controls (30 lean and 30 overweight), under in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were assessed by the Abbott Architect c8000 autoanalyzer while adropin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Serum and FF adropin levels were significantly lower in PCOS women compared with controls and FF adropin levels were lower than serum levels. Significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine were encountered in PCOS subjects, while HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly lower compared with controls. According to univariate and multivariate analysis, serum and FF adropin levels were positively correlated with BMI and HDL-C levels and negatively correlated with LDL-C levels. Women with polycystic ovaries exhibit lipid lipoprotein alterations increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases later in life. Our findings suggest a probable involvement of adropin both in human metabolism and in the pathophysiology of PCOS.//////////////////
Ovarian function
Comment
Adropin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Kuliczkowska-Płaksej J et al. (2018) Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) frequently develop metabolic complications. Among the new markers responsible for metabolic disorders, adropin seems to be of the great significance. 134 women aged 17-45 years were enrolled. PCOS group consisted of 73 women, diagnosed on the basis of ESHRE-ASRM criteria. All PCOS women presented phenotype A of PCOS. Control group consisted of 61 women with regular menstrual cycles, matched for nutritional status. All women underwent anamnesis, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, abdominal ultrasonography, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum adropin levels were determined by ELISA. Biochemical (fasting glucose and insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, lipid and SHBG) and hormonal (testosterone, androstenedione, LH, FSH and estradiol) measurements were performed. Insulin resistance indices (HOMA, QUICKI, Matsuda) and free androgen index (FAI) were calculated according to the standard formula. Statistical significance was defined by p≤0.05. Serum adropin levels were lower in PCOS group, but the results were not statistically significant. Positive correlations among adropin and androstenedione levels were observed in PCOS group. Serum adropin levels were lower in women with PCOS compared with controls, but the results were not statistically significant. Therefore, more studies including adropin are needed to clarify this association.//////////////////
Adropin: a key component and potential gatekeeper of metabolic disturbances in policystic ovarian syndrome. Yildirim B 2014 et al.
PURPOSE
The aim of the current study was to evaluate potential relationships between serum adropin levels and metabolic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty women with PCOS and 20 healthy, age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls were included in the study. All subjects underwent venous blood drawing on the early follicular phase after an overnight fasting. Serum adropin levels were measured with enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA). The relationships between serum adropin levels and metabolic parameters were also assessed.
RESULTS
Serum adropin levels were found to be significantly lower in women with PCOS when compared to control group (p < 0.001). Serum adropin level was correlated negatively with fasting serum insulin levels, homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum lipid markers including cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides (TG) in PCOS patients (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The findings of current study suggest that women with PCOS have low serum adropin levels that may contribute to the underlying pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances in PCOS.
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