Synaptobrevins 1 and 2 are small integral membrane proteins specific for synaptic vesicles in neurons.
NCBI Summary:
Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. VAMP1 is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. Two alternative splice variants that encode proteins with alternative carboxy ends have been described. Additional splice variants encoding proteins with variable carboxy termini have been found but their full length nature has not been described.
General function
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Cellular localization
Plasma membrane
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Ovarian function
Early embryo development
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Expression regulated by
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Ovarian localization
Oocyte
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Preparation of the Cortical Reaction: Maturation-Dependent Migration of SNARE Proteins, Clathrin, and Complexin to the Porcine Oocyte's Surface Blocks Membrane Traffic until Fertilization. Tsai PS et al. The cortical reaction is a calcium-dependent exocytotic process, in which the content of secretory granules is released into the peri-vitellin space immediately after fertilization, and this serves to prevent polyspermic-fertilization. In this study we investigated the involvement and the organization of Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor [NSF] Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) proteins in the docking and fusion of the cortical granule membrane with the oolemma in porcine oocytes. During meiotic maturation secretory vesicles (labeled with a granule specific binding lectin, PNA) migrated toward the oocyte's surface. This surface orientated redistribution behavior was also observed for the oocyte-specific SNARE proteins SNAP 23 and VAMP 1 that co-localized with the PNA-labeled structures in the cortex area just under the oolemma and to the exclusive localization area of complexin (a trans-SNARE complex stabilizing protein). The coming together of these proteins serves to prevent the spontaneous secretion of the docked cortical granules, and to prepare the oocyte's surface for the cortical reaction, which should immediately be compensated probably by a clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In vitro fertilization resulted in the secretion of the cortical granule content and the concomitant release of complexin and clathrin into the oocyte's cytosol and this is considered to stimulate the observed endocytosis of SNARE containing membrane vesicles.