During screening of a cDNA library generated from activated mouse progenitor T (pro-T) cells, an effort to determine the
cytokine-producing profile of pro-T cells, Kelner et al. (1994) discovered a cytokine designated lymphotactin. It is similar to
members of both the cys-cys and cys-X-cys chemokine families but lacks 2 of the 4 cysteine residues that are characteristic
of the chemokines. It is also expressed in activated CD8(+) T cells and CD4(-)/CD8(-) T-cell receptor alpha-beta (+)
thymocytes. It has chemotactic activity for lymphocytes but not for monocytes or neutrophils.
General function
Ligand, Cytokine
Comment
Cellular localization
Secreted
Comment
Ovarian function
Ovulation, Luteinization
Comment
Kenneth H. H. Wong et al 2002 reported the expression, Hormonal Regulation, and Cyclic Variation of
Chemokines in the Rat Ovary.
A growing body of evidence suggests that mammalian ovulation bears similarities to local inflammatory reactions.
Monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils are known to infiltrate the area surrounding the dominant follicle
before ovulation. Candidate local chemoattractants may include a family of small cytokines, also known as chemokines. In
the present study, quantitative RT-PCR was used to initially identify and quantify the chemokines expressed in the
preovulatory rat ovary. The chemokines monocyte chemotatic protein 1 (MCP-1), MCP-3, macrophage inflammatory protein
1 (MIP-1), MIP-1, MIP-1, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, eotaxin, interferon-inducible
protein of 10 kDa, growth-regulated oncogene, lymphotactin, and fractalkine were all expressed in the PMSG-primed rat
ovary 6 h post human CG. The cyclic variation of the ovary-positive chemokines was also evaluated throughout the course of a superovulated ovarian
cycle. Significant preovulatory up-regulation relative to the untreated control state was documented for MCP-1 (18-fold), MCP-3 (12-fold), and growth-regulated oncogene (25-fold). In contrast, the preovulatory ovarian expression of eotaxin, fractalkine and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted was not increased. These observations
suggest that intraovarian chemokines may be responsible for the cyclic intraovarian residence of representatives of the white
blood cell series.
Expression regulated by
Comment
Ovarian localization
Luteal cells
Comment
Gene expression profiles in the bovine corpus luteum (CL) during the estrous cycle and pregnancy: possible roles of chemokines in regulating CL function during pregnancy. Sakumoto R et al. (2014) To determine functional differences between the corpus luteum (CL) of the estrous cycle and pregnancy in cows, gene expression profiles were compared using a 15 K bovine oligo DNA microarray. In the pregnant CL at days 20-25, 40-45 and 150-160, the expressions of 138, 265 and 455 genes differed by a factor of >2-fold (P<0.05) from their expressions in the cyclic CL (days 10-12 of the estrous cycle). Messenger RNA expressions of chemokines (eotaxin, lymphotactin and ENA-78) and their receptors (CCR3, XCR1 and CXCR2) were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Transcripts of eotaxin were more abundant in the CL at days 40-45 and 150-160 of pregnancy than in the cyclic CL (P<0.01). In contrast, the mRNA expressions of lymphotactin, ENA-78 and XCR1 were lower in the CL of pregnancy (P<0.05). Messenger RNAs of CCR3 and CXCR2 were similarly detected both in the cyclic and pregnant CL. Tissue protein levels of eotaxin were significantly higher in the CL at days 150-160 of pregnancy than in the CL at other stages, whereas the lymphotactin protein levels in the CL at days 20-25 of pregnancy were lower (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that CCR3 was expressed in the luteal cells and that XCR1 was expressed in both the luteal cells and endothelial cells. Collectively, the different gene expression profiles may contribute to functional differences between the cyclic and pregnant CL, and chemokines including eotaxin and lymphotactin may regulate CL function during pregnancy in cows.//////////////////